So they can detect variations induced when touching the GPIOs with a finger. These can sense variations in anything that holds an electrical charge, like the human skin.

The ESP32 has 10 internal capacitive touch sensors. So, don’t use these pins in your projects: However, these pins are connected to the integrated SPI flash on the ESP-WROOM-32 chip and are not recommended for other uses. GPIO 6 to GPIO 11 are exposed in some ESP32 development boards. They can’t be used as outputs, so use these pins only as inputs: These pins don’t have internal pull-up or pull-down resistors. GPIOs 34 to 39 are GPIs – input only pins. Outputs PWM signal at boot, strapping pinĬontinue reading for a more detail and in-depth analysis of the ESP32 GPIOs and its functions. Outputs PWM signal at boot, must be LOW to enter flashing modeĬonnected to on-board LED, must be left floating or LOW to enter flashing mode

The pins highlighted in red are not recommended to use as inputs or outputs. The ones highlighted in yellow are OK to use, but you need to pay attention because they may have an unexpected behavior mainly at boot. The pins highlighted in green are OK to use. The following table shows what pins are best to use as inputs, outputs and which ones you need to be cautious.

Additionally, there are pins with specific features that make them suitable or not for a particular project.

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